欧美日韩视频在线视频二区-色婷亚洲五月在线观看-国产免费内射又粗又爽-国产日韩精品在线播放

So, you’ve filled up with our fast acting performance fuel Shell V-Power Nitro+ Unleaded?, designed to get to work instantly in your engine. But what’s happening in there? How does it all work?

It’s all about control. The four-stroke cycle working the engine is basically the same as it’s been for the last 100 years. However, the detail is very different. Today it’s all about getting as much energy out of as little fuel as possible.

So what exactly are the innovations that make today’s four-stroke petrol engine so advanced?

Variable Valve Timing

In the past the inlet and exhaust valves opened and closed at set times, dictating the engine’s characteristics and performance. But if you alter when the valves open and shut, you’ll get an engine capable of high speeds that doesn’t compromise on low-speed pulling ability.

Variable valve timing is achieved by altering the rotational position of the inlet camshaft relative to the exhaust camshaft.

Turbocharging machinery with yellow background

Valvematic, Valvetronic, MultiAir & more

Next, we change how much, and for how long, the valves stay open. The best way to alter the amount and duration of opening is to do it continuously over a wide range.

A throttle is unnecessary. Instead, if you use the inlet valves to control airflow, by altering how far they open, this removes a major obstruction to airflow.

Carmakers had spent years trying to design systems that can open the valve electronically or hydraulically, free from the camshaft’s limits. They eventually achieved this goal in 2009, creating the MultiAir engine that could pull energetically from low speeds and rev like a racing car without compromising on performance.

Now comes the clever part: an electric solenoid valve bleeds off part of the oil flow in the hydraulic pipe as required, up to 60 times a second, leaving the rest to open the inlet valve. It’s probably the most significant breakthrough in piston engine design in the last 100 years.

Direct Injection

With direct injection, the fuel is squirted straight into the cylinder. Under light load, it can be squirted just before the spark occurs, near the top of the compression stroke. Essentially, you can inject less fuel than the total volume of air theoretically needs and still get a proper burn.

For high-power running, the fuel is injected on the induction stroke as with indirect injection. This gives time for more fuel to be injected, cooling the air as it enters the cylinder. This means the mixture can be compressed more without overheating.

Turbocharging machinery air compressor with yellow background

Turbocharging

A turbocharger has a turbine that uses waste energy from the flow of exhaust gases to drive an air compressor - it’s as close to a free power boost as you’ll get.? The turbo compresses the air and forces it into the engine, so more can be squeezed into each cylinder for increased power.

Protect it with Shell

The technology we’ve mentioned so far is all to do with managing the four-stroke cycle, but there are many more ways in which modern engines save energy. Friction is the enemy of efficiency, so the easier an engine’s components can move, the better.

Shell oil not only lubricates the engine but also cleans it of harmful deposits thanks to ingenious active cleansing agents. You can check which oil offers your engine the optimum protection using the Shell lube match tool.

The strokes in four simple steps

Step one

conventional port fuel injection four-stroke petrol engine

Let’s get to grips with how a conventional port fuel injection four-stroke petrol engine works.

1. The inlet valve opens as the piston is about to descend, sucking in the mixture of fuel and air.

Step two

Anatomy of an engine showing the piston rising to squeeze together the fuel and air

2. With both valves now closed, the piston rises upwards, squeezing the mix of fuel and air.

Step three

Anatomy of an engine showing the fuel and air mixture being ignited by the spark plug

3. Just before the piston reaches the top, the fuel and air mix is ignited by the spark plug.

Step four

Anatomy of an engine showing the exhaust pipe opening to expell the burnt gases

4. The exhaust valve opens and the piston rises back to the top, expelling the burnt gases.

More in Motorists

Anatomy of an engine: Engine nutrition

At the heart of every engine is the fuel it uses, and Shell V-Power Nitro+ is our best performance fuel. Let’s show you how it works.

10 Safety tips

Follow the advice of Don Palmer and you could become a better, safer driver.

免费一区二区三区少妇| 亚洲一级二级三级精品| 日韩人妻免费视频一专区| 精品熟女少妇av免费久久野外| 日韩一区二区三区免费av| 黄色片一区二区三区高清| 亚洲中文字幕三区四区| 午夜国产精品国自产拍av| 欧美中文字幕日韩精品| 国产一区二区三区色噜噜| 很黄很污在线免费观看| 大香伊蕉欧美一区二区三区| 亚洲妇女黄色三级视频| 91亚洲国产成人久久精品麻豆| 亚洲熟妇中文字幕五十路| 亚洲精品国产福利在线| 成人欧美精品一区二区三区| 国产精品午夜福利免费阅读| 久久免费精品拍拍一区二区 | 久久精品a毛片看国产成人| 欧美精品在线播放一区二区| 黄色三级日本在线观看| 色一情一伦一区二区三| 成年午夜在线免费视频| 美女露小粉嫩91精品久久久| 久久精品国产一区久久久| 国产精品香蕉一级免费| 正在播放国产又粗又长| 91欧美日韩精品在线| 91麻豆精品欧美视频| 欧美日韩国产免费看黄片| 99久久精品久久免费| 少妇肥臀一区二区三区| 日木乱偷人妻中文字幕在线| 翘臀少妇成人一区二区| 中文字幕五月婷婷免费| 又色又爽又无遮挡的视频| 国产一区二区精品高清免费| 亚洲视频在线观看你懂的| 精品午夜福利无人区乱码| 国产日产欧美精品视频|